JVM (Java Virtual Machine) vs CLR (Common Language Runtime)

We present empirical evidence to demonstrate that there is
little or no difference between the Java Virtual Machine and
the .NET Common Language Runtime, as regards the compilation
and execution of object-oriented programs

The JVM . . .
• is stack-based
• is secure—type safety is guaranteed by preventing explicit
pointer manipulation
• has automatic memory management (garbage collection)
• is object-oriented, with primitive instructions for creating
objects, accessing object members

https://www.cs.utah.edu/~asbill/jsinger.pdf

• Application virtualization software refers to both application virtual machines and software responsible for implementing them. Application virtual machines are typically used to allow application bytecode to run portably on many different computer architectures and operating systems. The application is usually run on the computer using an interpreter or just-in-time compilation (JIT).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_application_virtualization_software